The Effects Of Drugs And Alcohol On Pregnant Women And...

The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Pregnant Women and Babies When hearing about babies born addicted to drugs or babies born after being previously exposed to alcohol, most people are appalled and slightly outraged. Pregnant women who are exposed to drugs and alcohol are risking the welfare of their unborn child because most everything the mother puts in her body gets passed on to the baby either by passing through the placental barrier or the umbilical cord. Drugs are considered any substance that makes a change to the physiological aspects of the body. Some drugs that affect pregnant women include caffeine, over the counter drugs, tobacco, and illegal drugs such as cocaine or methamphetamine. Based on the definition of a drug, alcohol is considered a drug. Alcohol has many adverse side effects for pregnant women and their babies. These adverse side effects from alcohol usually stay with these babies through their lives and have lasting effects. The use of substances that are consi dered to be drugs while pregnant is advised against because of the side effects caused to the baby. However, some women choose to ignore these advisements. What Are Drugs? Drugs are any substance that alters the physiology of the body. (McKim and Hancock 2013) Drugs can range from coffee to alcohol and the substances considered over the counter drugs to illegal drugs. A large number of substances deemed to be drugs have many addictive qualities. These addictive qualities lead to chronicShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Drug Use On Infants1572 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Use on Newborns Many women abuse drugs whether they are pregnant or not. In both cases, many women are unaware of the consequences of what drugs can do to their body. However, for pregnant women, the situation is completely different. â€Å"Studies show that using drugs -- legal or illegal -- during pregnancy has a direct impact on the fetus† (Gaither 1). In simpler terms, drug use not only affects their own lives but also affects the lives of their unborn children. For the sake of enjoymentRead MorePregnancy and the Dangers of Drug Use1353 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of Drug Use i Pregnancy and the Dangers of Drug Use Sarah McVicker Psychology 201 Lifespan Development Professor Sally Vyain October 7, 2007 Pregnancy and the Dangers of Drug Use It is very important for a mother to lead a healthy lifestyle when she becomes pregnant. She must eat healthy, get lots of rest, and exercise regularly. It is even more imperative that she avoids things that may harm her or potentially her baby. Amongst things she must avoid, alcohol, cigarettesRead MoreWhy Pregnant Substance Abuse Should Be Treated As A Major Issue1441 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons why pregnant substance abuse should be treated as a major issue. The effects of substance abuse on the mother, fetus, and the overall pregnancy can range from none to extremely harmful. Women who use drugs during their pregnancy commonly give birth to â€Å"crack babies† or â€Å"drug babies†. These babies can have developmental disabilities or other birth defects. The mother may give birth to a premature infant, underweight infant, or even have a stillborn birth. The drug use of a pregnant woman hasRead MoreThe Effects of Alcoholism During Pregnancy Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Alcoholism During Pregnancy The hazardous dangers of alcoholism during pregnancy have been known for decades. However, even with the vast information given to pregnant mothers, with labeled warnings on every alcoholic beverage, pregnant women still continue to pick up the bottle of alcohol, continuing their journey to the destruction of their bodies and the road of dangers for the unborn child. Perhaps every person who has little to no knowledge in healthRead MoreSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy?952 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse during pregnancy can range in variation from prescription drugs to non-prescription drugs to even alcohol. Substance abuse is more common during pregnancy than most people realize. This type of abuse is more common amongst pregnant women. Most the time substance abuse is hard to find in women. Pregnant women who go through substance abuse usually don’t seek any medical help. If an expecting mother uses any kind of drug it can result in many complications. Some complications that are a resultRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Negatively Affects The Baby While During1328 Words   |  6 Pagesnegatively affects the baby while during a woman’s pregnancy. Many women across the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into why women abuse substance suchRead MoreMany Women Across The World Cause Complications To Their1657 Words   |  7 PagesMany women across the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into why women abuse, substance such as stress, depre ssion, and mental issues. More treatmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Marijuana On Pregnant Women And On A Fetus1247 Words   |  5 Pagesresearches are educating pregnant women about the danger of cigarettes, alcohol and the potential negative effects of cigarettes, alcohol on fetus development. However, scarce research directly addresses specific effects of marijuana on pregnant women because women who use marijuana also tend to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol and more likely to use other drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Thus, it is difficult to identify the precise effects of marijuana on pregnant women and on a fetus (LeemaqzRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesresearches educating pregnant women about the danger of cigarettes, alcohol and women are also aware of the potential negative effects of cigarettes, alcohol on fetus development. However, not many the data or research addresses specific effects of marijuana on pregnancy women because women who use marijuana also tend to smoke cigarettes and are more likely to use other drugs such as cocaine and alcohol. Thus, it is difficult to identify the precise effects of marijuana on pregnant women and fetus (LeemaqzRead MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 Pagesthe age and nutrition of the mother, exercise, and stress levels. On behalf of environmental factors that can have a negative effect on growth and development of the fetus, teratogens which are substances in the environment that can have a harmful effect on the development of the fetus (Stein, Kline Kharrazi, 1984) are the main environmental threats. The detrimental effects of teratogens depend on many different factors such as the amount of exposure that the fetus is in contact with, heredity, and

Economies of Scale Free Essays

Detroit and some of its surrounding areas as Windsor and Ontario, represent a huge factor in the economy of the United States by being one of the major cities where trade takes place. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler also known as Americas ‘Big Three’ automobile companies are located in this city. The concept of External Scale Economies can help us explain why these three major companies are located in this area. We will write a custom essay sample on Economies of Scale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scales economies are important for a country because they represent a growth in its economy. Companies are able to produce more products or services at a lower cost of input. External scale economies are based on the size of an entire industry within a specific geographic area. †1 These companies bulk in one specific area in this case Detroit, causing a decrease in the cost of the inputs by sharing some of these with the other surrounding companies, â€Å"this way the output of the industry within the area is larger†2 But how did Detroit turned out to be the spot for these major companies? Detroit’s location gave it the advantage to start growing as a transportation hub in the very beginning. At the end of 19th century Detroit had shipping, shipbuilding and manufacturing industries, but what gave Detroit the main advantage for the businesses to settle there were the natural resources that it owned which eventually led automobile industries to be interested in this place for what meant for them: the external factors which provided a reduction in the firm’s cost. Some of these factors were coal, iron, and copper mining, Detroit was also easily accessible by water and by land; and it was near the nation’s leading, well-established production centers. One of Detroit’s strength was certainly the external factors mentioned above; it guided important industries towards its direction becoming what is now known as a global symbol. The agglomeration of these three big automobile companies has allowed the achievement of an external scale economy therefore a benefit for the United States’ economy. Notes 1. Thomas A. Pugel, â€Å"Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and Trade†, International Economics, 15th Edition: Page 94 2. Ibid 3. Thomas J. Sugrue, Motor city: The story of Detroit. http://www. gilderlehrman. org/history-by-era/politics-reform/essays/motor-city-story-detroit How to cite Economies of Scale, Essay examples

Economies of Scale Free Essays

Detroit and some of its surrounding areas as Windsor and Ontario, represent a huge factor in the economy of the United States by being one of the major cities where trade takes place. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler also known as Americas ‘Big Three’ automobile companies are located in this city. The concept of External Scale Economies can help us explain why these three major companies are located in this area. We will write a custom essay sample on Economies of Scale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scales economies are important for a country because they represent a growth in its economy. Companies are able to produce more products or services at a lower cost of input. External scale economies are based on the size of an entire industry within a specific geographic area. †1 These companies bulk in one specific area in this case Detroit, causing a decrease in the cost of the inputs by sharing some of these with the other surrounding companies, â€Å"this way the output of the industry within the area is larger†2 But how did Detroit turned out to be the spot for these major companies? Detroit’s location gave it the advantage to start growing as a transportation hub in the very beginning. At the end of 19th century Detroit had shipping, shipbuilding and manufacturing industries, but what gave Detroit the main advantage for the businesses to settle there were the natural resources that it owned which eventually led automobile industries to be interested in this place for what meant for them: the external factors which provided a reduction in the firm’s cost. Some of these factors were coal, iron, and copper mining, Detroit was also easily accessible by water and by land; and it was near the nation’s leading, well-established production centers. One of Detroit’s strength was certainly the external factors mentioned above; it guided important industries towards its direction becoming what is now known as a global symbol. The agglomeration of these three big automobile companies has allowed the achievement of an external scale economy therefore a benefit for the United States’ economy. Notes 1. Thomas A. Pugel, â€Å"Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and Trade†, International Economics, 15th Edition: Page 94 2. Ibid 3. Thomas J. Sugrue, Motor city: The story of Detroit. http://www. gilderlehrman. org/history-by-era/politics-reform/essays/motor-city-story-detroit How to cite Economies of Scale, Essay examples

Remuneration Report Analysis- Free-Samples-Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report on Common Wealth Bank Australia. Answer: Introduction CBA is one of the largest banks in Australia serving common public across the globe. The company reports the Remuneration as a message from the directors to the shareholders in their annual report each year and while doing this it takes care of the various reporting requirements set around the globe. Individual Report Company Name Being a bank the business of the company becomes more open to the public and hence the public disclosure of the remuneration policies, basis and the impact becomes very important for the stakeholders. As mentioned in the annual report the company follows performance based approach for the remuneration which is also dependent on certain success factors linked to stakeholders and customer satisfaction at large. The company had evaluated the performance as short term/long term goals based on which the executives are evaluated. (Sigler, 2011) Performance Measurement The remuneration outcome were on a positive side where Short term incentives were given based on the measurement of performance of the group. These measurement lead to some reductions in STI leading ti lower values compared to the last year results. The company has a separate Group Leadership Award plan (GRLP) to award the executives and these are the equity awards given which can be vested over the 4 year period. There had been certain change in the remuneration policies in the current year where the management focused more on changes to performance measures to make it more robust and achieve long term superior performance from the executives group. Some changes that came up were: Individual Level Assessment of STI based on performance scorecards defining the individual outcomes and driving the goals of the management The GRLP will be linked to feedback from the community and the people which will form as one of the factors for measuring performance and would have the weightage of 25% in determination of the same. Annual Report can be accessed here: https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/about-us/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/2016_Annual_Report_to_Shareholders_15_August_2016.pdf The team size of the executives include 11 Non - Executive directors, 11 group executives and a managing director which form the structure of the leaders of the company. There is a team set up which forms the remuneration committee and mainly made up of non-executive directors of the company which can be termed as independent directors of the company. This committee is focused on the various regulatory reforms in the build of the remuneration structure, KPIs for the various roles of the executives and best market practices along with monitory of the long term incentives of the group executives as well. (Yatim*, 2015) The details of the remuneration policy which the company provides to the executives falls under three categories: Fixed Remuneration: This is already a prefixed amount which is being decided as a part of the employment of the executives and form the small components of the overall payouts. This is made of base remuneration and superannuation. This mainly includes cash salary and other salary sacrifice items. This is being decided by with the recommendations of the board and has an annual increment of around 0.9%. for the same roles executives Short term Incentive at Risk- Along with this fixed incentives the company is already proposing SIT where the target is equal to 100% of the fixed remuneration. This will be based on the balanced scorecard approach and the overall performance of the company as a whole. The eligible executives of STI get the amount of 50% in cash and balance is being deposited in the bank at normal deposit rates which will be forfeited in case of resignation by them. Thus deferred component is kept to manage the risks of the company as a whole Long Term Incentive at Risk- This is also awarded as a 100% of their fixed remuneration after evaluating the performances. These incentives haves a 4 years vesting period and are measured against Total Return that shareholders receive (TSR) and customer satisfaction performance hurdles. Each right that vests help the employees to get one share of CBA but the same cannot be sold and no dividend is received unless that rights vests. Sign off And Retention Awards- The sign off awards are mainly paid to the employees who are joining to compensate for the incentives already given during the year along with some retention awards which are paid as a part of retention of skills already at hand. These awards were not given in the current year. The company had specifically called out that at risk components are purely based on performance against key financial and non-financial measures (Khalid, 2014) Key Measures of Performance. These incentives are all linked to the performance goals which can be defined as below: STI In order to retain the high caliber executives these plans are linked to the goals and should be congruent to the goals that are defined over the period of time which mainly ten to protect the interest of the shareholders of the company The company uses the balanced scorecard approach for adjudging the performance of the employees individually and also as a group in order to achieve the desired goals of the organization. This evaluation is done based on the financial and non-financial incentives along with some weightage to it. The executives who are managing the production are paid 40% based on financial outcomes and other executives managing support functions are paid 25% of the financial outcomes. This financial benchmark to measure the performances of the financial nature is mainly the profits along with the risk of capital taken for getting those profits so mainly these risk adjusted profits are being used for the determination of the performance of the executives based on which STI is decided The various performance indicators as used by the company are: Profits of the Group after tax adjusted with PACC and risk % Customer Satisfaction under Retail, Business, Institutional and Wealth. The above target was met in the current year. Technology Strategic Execution- This is one of the non - financial measure that the bank takes a step of for innovation and create of the design of the various services covering the security chain and competing with peers of their platforms. People- Management of the people with talent and leadership and developing them with the development of the human resource goals. Productivity- The group aims that the processes are simplified to achieve best results along with optimization of the costs of the company to achieve the target goals and also these savings can be invested into better plans and increase the benefits and values of the firm. The company was able to pay 112% of the STI targets of the current year due to the achievement of the financial and non-financial measures than the desired levels. (Jensen, 2014) LTI As part of GRLP explained above the company tends to strengthen the long term goals as ell for which these LTIs are being launched backed up by various performance linked measures. This is purely based upon the Total Shareholders return the company is paying to shareholders and customer satisfaction hurdles of the company and the factors seems to be justified based on the nature of the incentives given by the company in this regards. The TSR forms the 75% of the performance award and Customer satisfaction forms 25% of the overall awards of the company given to the executives. The result of these measures during the year were 0% amount was vested against the Total Sharing Return method. 5% vesting happened under the customer satisfaction matrix At an overall level 20.3% of the overall award was vested by the executives in the current FY. These vesting was done over the performance over the 4 year period of these executives over the 4 year performance period of the employees. These review done should be helpful to performance hurdles and deliver value to executives and helpful to the performance of the company. The GRLP reward rights are being granted over the four year performance period to the employees and this award has four features namely the instruments that can be vested in the future , the determination of the award to the executives who has rights for that and the measurement of the performance period of the company. These customer satisfaction is measured based on the various research parameters namely Roy Morgan research, DRM Financial Services and Wealth Insights service level report. (Gomez-mejia1, 2015) These awards are subject to risk and compliance review of the board and is always at the discretion of the board to determine the outcomes of the corporate structuring event or the capital event. These rights are liable to expire at the end of the vesting period. The company in the current FY had levied some additional hurdles on the performance named as People and Community and continuous evaluation of the executive performance over the two and three year period to ensure continuous feedback. (Deschenes, 2015) Outside News There was a recent article where people were refraining for taking the shares of the company, the reason being Some regulations bringing a good amount of taxes in the name of Big Bank Tax The margins look a bit on a lower side in the current situation hence the caution flag is raised. Cycle effects- Where some factors tend to pull out the good results and post some seasonal items that would impact the results on an overall level. Long term Return to Shareholders As discussed above one of the parameters of the remuneration is shareholders return it can be seen by the dividends of the company and also the profits which are good levels of 30% in the current year but as the same were not distributed the total vesting was 0% in the current year and hence there were no results arising out of this. (McChaery, 2015) Financial and Non - Financial Measures The company had focused on the financial and the non - financial measures based on the respective group of the executives managing different level of work and hence needs the same to be addressed equally by the company and the same had been done by them and hence it needs a proper justification of the same. The overall health of the remuneration policy is well justified by the approach. (kang, 2015) Goals Congruence Policy Measurement. The overall goals and congruence of the company is being managed by the measures set by the company to achieve its goals and the same is being managed by the policies set by the effectiveness board and the overall policies used to measure the employees of the company as a whole. Conclusion The policies displayed by the report of CBA shows a very transparent disclosure of the policies followed by the regular reviews of these and dependence on external factors strengthen the policy as well. Bibliography Deschenes, S., 2015. s top-management remuneration influenced by board characteristics. International Journal of Accounting Information Management,, pp. 60-79. Gomez-mejia1, L. R., 2015. Managerial Control, Performance, and Executive Compensation. Academy of Managament Journal, pp. 1-1. Jensen, M. C., 2014. Management compensation and the managerial labor market. Internation Institute of Economic, 1(1), pp. 3-9. kang, L. S., 2015. How is managerial remuneration determined in India. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, pp. 154-172. Khalid, S., 2014. Imapct of Director Remuneration of FP of a firm. International Journal of Information, 6(1), pp. 1-1. McChaery, J. A., 2015. Managerial Remuneration: The Indirect Pay-For-Performance Relation. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, pp. 317-332. Sigler, K. J., 2011. CEO Compensation and Company Performance. University of North Carolina Wilmington, Cameron School of Business, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA, 1-1(1), pp. 1-8. Yatim*, P., 2015. DIRECTORS REMUNERATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN. UKM-Graduate School of Business , Volume 2(1st), pp. 1-24.

The Fall Of Communism In Russia Essays - Perestroika, Eastern Bloc

The Fall of Communism in Russia The Reasons for the fall of Socialism/Communism and the Troubles of Starting the New Democratic System in the Russian Federation "Let's not talk about Communism. Communism was just an idea, just pie in the sky." Boris Yeltsin (b. 1931), Russian politician, president. Remark during a visit to the U.S. Quoted in: Independent (London, 13 Sept. 1989). The fall of the Communist regime in the Soviet Union was more than a political event. The powerful bond between economics and politics that was the integral characteristic of the state socialist system created a situation that was unique for the successor states of the Soviet Union. The Communist regime was so ingrain in every aspect of Soviet life that the Russian people were left with little democratic tradition. Russia faces the seemingly impracticable task of economic liberalization and democratization. This is combined with the fact that the new administration must address human rights issues, such as living conditions and the supply of staple goods in this new form of administration makes the prospect of a full democratic switch seemingly impossible. To fully underezd the scope of the transference of governing power in the Russian Federation, one must first look at the old Socialist/Communist regime, to see the circumezces under which it fell gives a good view of why this transference is almost impossible. In the beginning Communism seemed to the people of Russia as a utopian ideal. The promise of the elimination of classes, of guaranteed employment , "The creation of a comprehensive social security and welfare system for all citizens that would end the misery of workers once and for all." Lenin's own interpretation of the Marxian critique was that to achieve Communism there would first have to be a socialist dictatorship to first suppress any dissent or protest. Through coercive tactics this new government seized power and in 1917 Lenin came to power. Under his "rule" the Soviet Union underwent radical changes in it's economic doctrines adopting a mixed economy which was termed the New Economic Policy also referred to as NEP, this economy called for some private ownership of the means of production, but the majority of industry was made property of the people, which meant the majority of the means of production was controlled by the government. Lenin's government made many achievements. It ended a long civil war against the remnants of the old Czarist military system and established institutions in government. During this period, and in fact throughout the majority of the Communist rule, censorship and the subordination of interest groups such as trade unions was imposed to stop dissension and increase conformity to the new governments policies. Lenin died in 1924, and was quickly followed by Joseph Stalin as head of the Soviet Communist Party, the oppressive reforms started by Lenin were continued and at length became completely totalitarian. Stalin became the most powerful man in Russia. He controlled to bulk of all the political power and with that he started a ruthless campaign of removing all opposition to the Communist rule. During this period called the "Great Purge" Stalin systemically executed anyone who stood in his path. Millions of people were arrested and either harassed or killed. The economic status of the Soviet Union was yet again changed and the entire system became controlled by the government. All private ownership ended. A mass program of industrialization was commenced, and the strength of the Soviet Military was subeztially increased. The citizens during this period endured great hardship. Agricultural production output diminished resulting in food shortages, these shortages were enha! nce by the mass exportation of food, this was done to pay for industrial imports. Stalin also put the production of what he called production goods such as manufacturing machinery over basic consumer goods such as clothes and other staples. During this period the Second World War broke out and drained most of what was left of the already impoverished state. Yet after the war national unity was strengthened as well is the Soviet military machine. The Soviet Union became a super power, the U.S. being the only country more powerful than it. After the death of Stalin in 1953 Nikita Khrushchev became First Secretary of

Free Essays on Microsoft Apps

Common Questions About Trees How can I tell if I’ve picked a site with good drainage? Start by digging a hole as deep as your planting hole. Fill the hole with water and watch to see how water drains from the hole. If it drains at a rate of less than 1 inch per hour, pick a new site. If that’s not possible, consider installing some form of drainage to carry water away from the base of the tree. Also consider using water-tolerant species, such as: Red maple Sycamore willow oak river birch How big should the planting hole be? While you might be tempted to dig a very deep hole, in fact a tree requires a shallow planting hole that is no deeper than the root ball. However, it is very important to make sure the hole is wide enough. As a general rule, make yours three times as wide as the root ball. Such a wide shallow hole encourages the horizontal root growth that allows your tree to thrive. Should I add anything to the soil? You may be accustomed to backfilling planting holes with peat moss or other organic matter when installing perennials. When planting a tree, however, you should fill the planting hole with the unamended soil (that is, soil to which nothing has been added). This ensures that the soil around the root ball has the same density as the soil the roots will encounter later, as they spread beyond the original planting hole. A marked difference in density between the planting hole and the surrounding area can limit growth. Do I have to do anything to the tree before planting? All trees sold at Long Meadow Gardens come with roots wrapped in untreated burlap, which will degrade quickly in the soil after planting. To plant a tree wrapped in untreated burlap: 1. Remove any tags from the trunk and branches. 2. Place the entire root ball, including the burlap, into the planting hole. 3. Untie the twine from the base of the tree. 4. Push the burlap down to the bottom of the plan... Free Essays on Microsoft Apps Free Essays on Microsoft Apps Common Questions About Trees How can I tell if I’ve picked a site with good drainage? Start by digging a hole as deep as your planting hole. Fill the hole with water and watch to see how water drains from the hole. If it drains at a rate of less than 1 inch per hour, pick a new site. If that’s not possible, consider installing some form of drainage to carry water away from the base of the tree. Also consider using water-tolerant species, such as: Red maple Sycamore willow oak river birch How big should the planting hole be? While you might be tempted to dig a very deep hole, in fact a tree requires a shallow planting hole that is no deeper than the root ball. However, it is very important to make sure the hole is wide enough. As a general rule, make yours three times as wide as the root ball. Such a wide shallow hole encourages the horizontal root growth that allows your tree to thrive. Should I add anything to the soil? You may be accustomed to backfilling planting holes with peat moss or other organic matter when installing perennials. When planting a tree, however, you should fill the planting hole with the unamended soil (that is, soil to which nothing has been added). This ensures that the soil around the root ball has the same density as the soil the roots will encounter later, as they spread beyond the original planting hole. A marked difference in density between the planting hole and the surrounding area can limit growth. Do I have to do anything to the tree before planting? All trees sold at Long Meadow Gardens come with roots wrapped in untreated burlap, which will degrade quickly in the soil after planting. To plant a tree wrapped in untreated burlap: 1. Remove any tags from the trunk and branches. 2. Place the entire root ball, including the burlap, into the planting hole. 3. Untie the twine from the base of the tree. 4. Push the burlap down to the bottom of the plan...

The Definition of Atomic Mass or Weight in Chemistry

The Definition of Atomic Mass or Weight in Chemistry Atomic Mass or Weight Definition Atomic mass, which is also known as atomic weight, is the average mass of atoms of an element, calculated using the relative abundance of isotopes in a naturally-occurring element. Atomic mass indicates the size of an atom. Although technically the mass is the sum of the mass of all the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, the mass of an electron is so much less than that of the other particles, that mass is simply that of the nucleus (protons and neutrons). Examples of Atomic Mass The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011. Most carbon atoms consist of six protons and six neutrons.The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.0079. Hydrogen (atomic number 1) is the element that has the lowest atomic mass. The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium, an atom that consists of a proton or a proton and an electron. Because of a small amount of deuterium (one proton and one neutron) and tritium (one proton and two neutrons), the atomic mass of hydrogen is slightly higher than 1. How To Calculate Atomic Mass